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Syphilis: Understanding the return of the "great imitator"
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is seeing a major resurgence in Quebec. Often nicknamed the "great imitator," its symptoms can resemble those of many other illnesses, which can sometimes make it difficult to diagnose without a screening test.
It is a serious infection that can have severe consequences if left untreated. The good news is that it is very curable with antibiotics when diagnosed in time.
Transmission and screening: When and how to know?
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How is it transmitted?
Syphilis is transmitted through direct contact with a syphilis sore, called a "chancre." This contact most often occurs during unprotected oral, anal, or vaginal sex. -
When to get a screening test?
A blood test generally becomes reliable 3 to 6 weeks after a potential exposure. However, for absolute certainty, a final test may be necessary up to 90 days later. -
The screening
Screening for syphilis is simple: it is done via a blood test.
The 4 stages of infection: recognizing them
Syphilis evolves through several phases if it is not treated.
- Primary Stage: The appearance of one or more sores (chancres), which are often painless, at the site of infection (penis, vagina, anus, mouth).
- Secondary Stage: Skin rashes on the body, typically on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, as well as other symptoms like fever or fatigue.
- Latent Stage: A "dormant" phase with no symptoms, which can last for years.
- Tertiary Stage: Years later, syphilis can cause very serious complications by attacking the heart, brain, and nervous system.
Syphilis and pregnancy: a significant risk for the baby
A pregnant person can transmit syphilis to their fetus. This is called congenital syphilis, which can have very serious consequences for the newborn. For this reason, syphilis screening is an essential and routine part of prenatal care in Quebec.
The treatment for syphilis
The treatment is very effective at curing the infection. It consists of an antibiotic, usually penicillin administered by injection. For people who are allergic to penicillin, oral alternatives like doxycycline are available.
It is crucial to remember that while the treatment cures the infection, it cannot repair damage already caused in the advanced stages. Early screening is therefore essential.
The procedure to follow after treatment
- Follow-up blood tests: Blood tests after treatment are necessary to confirm that the infection is completely cured.
- Partner notification: It is essential to notify recent partners so they can get screened. Online tools like notificationITSS allow for sending anonymous notices.
- Sexual abstinence: It is necessary to wait for a complete cure, confirmed by a healthcare professional, before resuming sexual activities.
Prevention: a combined approach
The best strategy to protect yourself from syphilis relies on combined prevention:
- The condom: Remains the most effective protection.
- Regular screening: The only way to detect silent infections and act quickly.
Conclusion: a partner for your health
Syphilis is a serious infection, but with the right information, regular screening, and prompt treatment, it is entirely manageable. Never hesitate to discuss your concerns or questions with our team. We are here to support you with confidentiality and without judgment.
